Our first year has been challenging, but the rewards have been worth the hard work. It makes us happy to promote the places we believe are unique to South Carolina. We started out with a blank canvas that continues to grow each month. Our travels have taken us to destinations that have captivated our imaginations and broadened our horizons. The back roads, battlefields and hole in the wall restaurants have given us a new appreciation for all our native state has to offer. Indigo Blue will be debuting a post on Fairfield County next week. We visited Laura’s Tea Room in Ridgeway and beautiful Lake Wateree State Park. The following post will be on Historic Chester and Landsford Canal State Park, located along the shores of the Catawba River. The peak bloom of Rocky Shoals spider lilies at the park is something you have to experience for yourself. We are truly humbled by the postive feedback given to our blog. Thank you to everyone who gave us a chance when we began this endeavor. We hope you continue to enjoy our travels across the Palmetto State.

Sincerely,

Stephen & Maxi Farnsworth 

 Vote for our next trip! Choose from the five candidates listed below. Leave us a comment at the bottom of this post. The place with the most votes will be our next destination!

1. Aiken County- Hopelands Gardens, Hitchcock Woods, Willcox Inn, Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame, Monetta Drive-In (The Big-Mo)

2. Boykin- Swift Creek Church, Boykin Company Grille & Store, Battle of Boykin’s Mill, The Broom Place

3. Bishopville-Pearl Fryar’s Topiary Garden, SC Cotton Museum, Lizard Man of Scape Orr Swamp, Doc Blanchard

4. Barnwell- Church of the Holy Apostles, Barnwell Sun Dial, Miller’s Bread Basket (Blackville), Berley’s Pharmacy Soda & Ice Cream Fountain

5. Abbeville- Abbeville Opera House, Yoder’s Dutch Kitchen, Burt-Stark Mansion, Jefferson Davis Park, Trinity Episcopal Church

A preview of places we’ll visit this Fall

Rock Hill Vicinity- Historic Brattonsville, Catawba Nation, White Horse Restaurant

Oconee County-Stumphouse Tunnel/Isaqueena Falls

Fairfield County- S.C. Railroad Museum & Winnsboro

Georgetown

                     Eliza Lucas Pinckney 1722-1793

   Many women have helped mold and shape the great state of South Carolina. Today, women from varied backgrounds thrive in a country once dominated by men. Our nation has grown stronger thanks to the many contributions by women in our society. History tells us this was not always the case. Women were expected to play the common role of wife and mother. This is a story of a woman whose progressive ideals were centuries ahead of her contemporaries. This genuine lady displayed the grace and candor expected of a colonial woman, though her independent spirit helped her to achieve more than most women of her time. Her successful cultivation of indigo allowed South Carolina to become one of Great Britain’s wealthiest colonies. This 18th Century woman was best known for her association with indigo, but the life of Eliza Lucas Pinckney was lived throughout with merit, morality and substance. 

   Eliza Lucas was born on December 28, 1722 to Anne and Colonel George Lucas in Antigua, British West Indies. Eliza was the oldest of  four Lucas children. The elite colonists’ of the day sent their sons to London for the finest education money could buy. The Lucas family followed protocol by sending their sons to London, however Eliza and her sister Polly also received an English education. This endeavor was considered to be liberal and progressive for the time period. Eliza enjoyed and appreciated her opportunity for a quality education. Lucas had a fondness for music and spoke fluent French, however her love for botany trumped all other interests. In 1738 Colonel Lucas  moved his family from the small Caribbean island of Antigua to South Carolina. George Lucas’ father had recently passed, leaving his son three plantations in the Carolina Lowcountry. Lucas also thought the climate here would be more conducive to the needs of his invalid wife Anne. Eliza Lucas’ world would be turned upside down the very next year. Her father was summoned back to Antigua to fight in the War of Jenkins’ Ear, a conflict fought between Great Britain and Spain. Colonel Lucas’ sons Tommy and George were schooling in London, therefore sixteen year old Eliza became the head of the household. Eliza supervised the families three plantations, including the primary plantation at Wappoo Creek near Charleston. Eliza Lucas not only accepted the challenge, but thrived under pressure. Lucas took the opportunity to teach two slave girls to read. This was a brave endeavor, considering the recent Stono Rebellion that occurred near the Lucas home. On September 9, 1739 a literate slave named Jemmy led a major revolt along the Stono River, west of Charleston. Blood was shed on both sides, creating much tougher restrictions on slaves.

    By the Winter of 1739-40, Eliza Lucas had reached her 17th Birthday. She was expected to attend high society functions in preparation for marriage. Lucas complied with the unwritten rules of society but mostly consumed herself with the study of botany. Eliza constantly read her father’s collection of books on this subject while preparing herself for personal business ventures. Lucas and her father were extremely close. She corresponded with him regularly, seeking his advice on matters involving agriculture and family. Colonel Lucas sent his daughter indigo seeds from the West Indies to plant in South Carolina. Indigo had been cultivated for many years in the far east, especially in China, Japan and India. Eliza Lucas would attempt to become the first person to successfully cultivate indigo in North America. Like many entrepreneurs before her, Lucas did not find success in her first attempt. Her first crop was killed by a rare Charleston frost. A year later her second crop was eaten up by worms. Some people would consider giving up after multiple failures, but not Eliza Lucas. She was determined that her next crop would yield success. The third crop appeared to have hit the mark. Eliza’s father hired a man named Nicholas Cromwell from Montserrat to help with the intricate process of extracting the dye. Cromwell purposely ruined the dye, fearing that the Carolina indigo would create competition for his country. He blamed the failure on the climate, though Lucas knew this was a fabrication. She tried once again with the help of Cromwell’s brother Patrick. He made up for his brother’s dishonesty and betrayal. Together they produced seventeen pounds of indigo to export to England. The crop was an instant success. Eliza Lucas had almost single-handedly boosted the economy in South Carolina.

   Colonel Lucas was justifiably proud of his daughter. Her success with indigo was a great achievement, though running three plantations while serving as a mother figure was just as impressive.  Unfortunately George Lucas was unable to witness any of his daughter’s successes. Colonel Lucas was named Lieutenant Governor of Antigua in 1742, a post he would hold for the rest of his days. Lucas died in 1747 after being taken captive by the French. Eliza spent much of her time with her new business, but still left room for varied social pleasures. Lucas developed a close friendship with Charles Pinckney and his wife Elizabeth Lamb Pinckney. Mr. & Mrs. Pinckney had no children of their own. Elizabeth Pinckney, twenty years Eliza’s senior, came to view Lucas as the daughter she never had. Lucas visited the Pinckney home frequently. Charles Pinckney, a noted planter and lawyer, spent much of his time traveling. During his time at home, Mr. Pinckney and Ms. Lucas enjoyed conversing about great works of literature. Elizabeth Pinckney lost her year long battle with an extended illness on January 23, 1744. Charles Pinckney was left as a childless widower at the age of 45. He and Eliza soon became closer following the death of Mrs. Pinckney. Though twice her age, Charles asked for Eliza’s hand in marriage a short time later. The couple married on May 27, 1744.

    Eliza Pinckney enjoyed her new life and home at Belmont Plantation, located on a creek that fed into the Cooper River. She spent many days planting magnolias and oaks. Eliza tampered with foreign species of trees, hoping they would acclimate themselves to the Lowcountry soil. She worked with the first South Carolina botanist, Dr. Alexander Garden. The beautiful flower we know today as the gardenia is named for Alexander Garden. Eliza and Charles Pinckney had three sons and one daughter. The Pinckney’s sons were Charles Cotesworth, George and Thomas. Harriott was their only daughter. Their middle son George died in infancy in 1747. I will talk more about the Pinckney children in our notes section. Eliza spent the next several years in complete devotion to her children and husband. Eliza was known to be a free thinker for her day but still viewed her role as a mother, wife, and devout servant of Christ above everything. By the mid-18th Century indigo was an international sensation. In 1748, South Carolina exported 134,000 pounds of the profitable cash crop! In 1753 the Pinckney family left South Carolina, relocating to England. This was an exciting time in the life of Eliza Pinckney. Upon their arrival in England, Mrs. Pinckney presented the Princess of Wales with a handspun dress she had made of pure silk. The Pinckney’s traveled frequently throughout England before settling in the town of Ripley. After five happy years in Great Britain, Eliza and Charles decided it was time to come home. They left C.C. and Thomas behind to receive the finest schooling possible, while young Harriott came with them. Less than two months after their return home, Charles Pinckney developed a deadly case of malaria. After an illness that lasted three weeks, Charles died on July 12, 1758. This left Eliza lonely and heartbroken. Despite their vast age difference, the Pinckney’s had a loving and passionate marriage. Eliza refused to feel sorry for herself. Like many widows of the day, she constantly kept herself busy.

   By the early 1760’s Eliza spent much of her time corresponding with her English friends. She also wrote vigorously to her boys, who were both now in their teens. Eliza enjoyed social events with her daughter Harriott. By 1766, Harriott was courted by widower Daniel Horry. Mrs. Pinckney approved of the impending marriage. The couple wed on February 15, 1768. Mrs. Pinckney’s happiness reached an apex by the end of the decade. She welcomed her first grandchild into the world in 1769. Soon thereafter her sons returned home from England with a fine education. C.C. and Thomas had lived most of their lives on the other side of the Atlantic, but the threat of war with Great Britain brought them back to America. The entire Pinckney Family set their ties with England aside and joined the fight for American Independence. Eliza Pinckney selflessly helped finance the cause of liberty in South Carolina. Her financial prosperity dwindled significantly and her property was destroyed by the British. Eliza spent large periods of time with her daughter at Hampton Plantation. Eliza and Harriott served as spies for General Francis Marion throughout the war. By the end of the war Eliza had moved in with Harriott for good. The beautiful young girl admired by many had reached sixty years of age. Mrs. Pinckney spent her remaining years caring for her four grandchildren at Hampton Plantation. She instilled in them the same values as she did her  own children. The last major recorded event in Eliza Pinckney’s life was a grand visit to Hampton by President George Washington in 1791. Harriott and Eliza entertained the president with Southern charm and Lowcountry cuisine. During his visit he spared a large oak in the front yard from the axe. To no one’s surprise this massive live oak was named in honor of the president. In 1793 Eliza went to seek medical treatment in Philadelphia where she soon passed away. Having remembered her kindness and generosity, George Washington asked to serve as a pallbearer at her funeral.

   The contributions Eliza Lucas Pinckney made to the colony and later state of South Carolina are simply immeasurable. Pinckney’s successful cultivation of indigo gave her worldwide recognition, yet her love for family, country and the natural world should not be forgotten. Her graceful presence and genuine humility endeared her to many, including the father of our nation George Washington. For many years South Carolina has honored the beautiful deep shade of blue attributed to Lucas. One glance at our state flag reveals the perseverance of a teenage girl with an unprecedented vision. We honor that vision with the name of our site, Indigo Blue. Thank you Eliza Pinckney, South Carolinians will remember your contributions for generations to come.

INDIGO BLUE NOTES: Nearly two centuries after her death, Eliza Lucas Pinckney became the first woman elected to the South Carolina Business Hall of Fame in 1989. Eliza Pinckney’s children were well known throughout our new nation. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney served as a Brevet General in the Revolutionary War. After the war “C.C.” served as Minister to France and twice lost in his bid for the United States Presidency. Charles Cotesworthalso served as President of the Society of Cincinnati from 1805 until his death in 1825. Thomas Pinckney, the youngest child, also served the Patriot side of the Revolution. After the war, Thomas Pinckney served as Governor of South Carolina from 1787-89. After his term as governor, Pinckney served as U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain under President Washington. Late in life, Thomas Pinckney served as a general in the War of 1812.  After the death of his brother Charles in 1825, Thomas took his place as President of the Society of Cincinnati. He served in that capacity until his own death in 1828. The Pinckney’s only daughter Harriott shared many of her mother’s pure and loving qualities. She married Daniel Huger Horry in 1768. The Horry’s made their home at McClellanville’s Hampton Plantation. Like her mother, Harriott was widowed at a young age. Harriott Horry passionately supported the Patriot cause during the Revolution.

    Congratulations to our three winners for Palmetto Pop Quiz Volume 1!!! 1st Place (Tie)- Linda Allen of Greenville 92 points/ 1st Place (Tie)- Margaret Cox of Greer 92 points/ 3rd Place- Nancy Mauldin of Anderson 80 points- Thank you to everyone who participated. We hope you learned a few interesting facts about South Carolina. The answers will be displayed in bold face below.

Palmetto Pop Quiz: How well do you know the Palmetto State?                     

1. What state park is known for its remnants of an 1820’s canal system and Rocky Shoals Spider Lilies that bloom in late spring on the Catawba River?

A. Devils Fork State Park

B. Givhans Ferry State Park

C. Landsford Canal State Park

D. Santee State Park

2. Kings Mountain National Military Park is located in two South Carolina Counties. Name them.

A. Greenville & Spartanburg

B. McCormick & Abbeville

C. York & Lancaster

D. Cherokee & York

3. South Carolina is home to four signers of our nation’s most storied document, the Declaration of Independence. Name these four men:

A. Francis Marion, Thomas Sumter, Henry Laurens, Andrew Pickens

B. Peter Horry, Henry Middleton, Strom Thurmond, Richard Manning

C. Thomas Heyward, Jr., Thomas Lynch, Jr., Arthur Middleton, Edward Rutledge

D. Thomas Sumter, Andrew Pickens, Stephen Colbert, Pierce Butler

4. What is South Carolina’s Official Hospitality Beverage?

A. Pink Lemonade

B. Sprite

C. Tea

C. Coca-Cola

5.  What former U.S. President was born in South Carolina?

A. John Tyler

B. Andrew Johnson

C. William Henry Harrison

D. Andrew Jackson

6. What Kershaw County town hosts the Carolina Cup each March?

A. Sumter

B. Orangeburg

C. Beaufort

D. Camden

7. Which of these universities/colleges boasts the state’s largest enrollment?

A. Coastal Carolina University

B. University of South Carolina

C. Clemson University

D. College of Charleston

8. Where does South Carolina rank in total area among the fifty states?

A. 13th

B. 29th

C. 47th

D. 40th

9. South Carolina’s first permanent European settlement occurred in the year ____ in Charles Towne (Charleston)?

A. 1670

B. 1892

C. 1701

D. 1860

10. South Carolina’s famous “Peachoid” celebrates its 30th Birthday next year. What town houses this noted water tower?

A. Kingstree

B. Chester

C. Moncks Corner

D. Gaffney

11. Which of these following lakes is our state’s largest, covering nearly 110,000 acres?

A. Marion

B. Hartwell

C. Moultrie

D. Thurmond

12. South Carolina’s Governor from 1979-87 was…

A. Jim Hodges

B. Dick Riley

C. Carroll Campbell

D. Mark Sanford

13. The South Carolina Tobacco Museum is located in what Pee Dee town?

A. Latta

B. Hartsville

C. Lamar

D. Mullins

14. Presbyterian College is located in what Upcountry town?

A. Roebuck

B. Clinton

C. Newberry

D. Westminster

15. South Carolina’s official state color is….

A. Yellow

B. Garnet

C. Indigo Blue

D. Northwestern Purple

16. True or False: South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union on December 20, 1860.

A. True

B. False

17. South Carolina’s second oldest city is ___, founded in 1711.

A. Columbia

B. Florence

C. Summerville

D. Beaufort

18. A native of South Carolina is affectionately known as a …..

A. Tar Heel

B. Buckeye

C. Sandlapper

D. Texan

19. What South Carolinian served as Vice President under Andrew Jackson?

A. Ben Tillman

B. Strom Thurmond

C. John C. Calhoun

D. Joel Poinsett

20. What Aiken County town is famous for the Chitlin’ Strut, held annually since 1966?

A. Elloree

B. Salley

C. Bethune

D. Bamberg

21. The Miniature Golf Capital of the World is located in this Grand Strand city:

A. Charleston

B. Edisto Island

C. Pawleys Island

D. Myrtle Beach

22. What Old 96 District town is nicknamed the ”Birthplace and Deathbed of the Confederacy”?

A. Laurens

B. Abbeville

C. McCormick

D. Edgefield

23. This county is home to two attractions inspired by Archer and Anna Hyatt Huntington, Brookgreen Gardens and Huntington Beach State Park. Name this county.

A. Berkeley

B. Georgetown

C. Colleton

D. Williamsburg

24. This Revolutionary War Hero was the last surviving general officer of the war, passing at 97 years of age in 1832. Name this general.

A. Nathaniel Greene

B. Andrew Pickens

C. Thomas Sumter

D. Francis Marion

25. The only lighthouse in South Carolina open to the public can be found at this state park:

A. Myrtle Beach State Park

B. Edisto Beach State Park

C. Hunting Island State Park

D. Huntington Beach State Park

Extra Credit

1. Name the three most populated counties in South Carolina in order from 1-3.   Greenville, Richland, Charleston

2. Name the State Dog.   Boykin Spaniel

3. Where is Edisto Memorial Gardens Located?   Orangeburg

4. What county is home to Sassafras Mountain, South Carolina’s highest point at 3,560 feet?   Pickens

Grades:

101-105 points- You must be related to Walter Edgar (South Carolina Historian)

88-100 points- You must be a South Carolina Native- Well Done!!!

72-87 points- You have a solid overall knowledge of SC Facts

60-71 points- Not bad for your first try

59 & Under- Better luck next time!!

    James Butler Bonham 1807-1836

    It’s long been said that only the good die young. Some people are born to take a stand for what they believe, while some sit back and watch life pass them by. James Butler Bonham was a man known for his strong convictions. This brave hero of the Alamo never took the easy way out during his somewhat abbreviated life. He sometimes went to great lengths to give an opinion if he felt moved to do so. Courage and loyalty were two of the greatest attributes he possessed. This 19th Century South Carolinian gave his life at the tender age of 29 helping Texans gain their independence from Mexico. His selfless actions inspired the battle cry “Remember the Alamo!”  This is a story about James Bonham.

    James Butler Bonham was born on February 20, 1807 to James and Sophia Bonham in Red Bank, (Saluda) South Carolina. James Bonham was the fifth of eight children. Jim was born at the historic ca. 1780 home Flat Grove, commonly called Bonham House today. The Bonham children were taught values and leadership from a young age. James’ youngest brother Milledge Luke led regiments in the Mexican-American War and the Civil War. Milledge was a highly respected Confederate General who also served as Governor of South Carolina from 1862-64. At this point in time present day Saluda County was part of the old Edgefield District. James Bonham’s childhood was one filled with happiness and later tragedy. He went to an “old field school” near his home. These schools were generally made of log construction, had poor heating and were dimly lit. Despite the lack of pomp and circumstance involving his schooling, James put forth great effort and excelled. Jim Bonham was loyal to his family and his home state throughout his life. As a young child he carried his brother Milledge on his shoulders on their way to school. He protected his younger siblings with a paternal instinct. This kindness and generosity would serve Bonham well throughout his entire life. At the tender age of eight, Jim’s father James Sr. passed away. Mrs. Bonham was widowed with a house full of children. Fortunately Sophia Bonham was left with a sizable estate from her late father as well as her husband. Jim grew up tall and strong. He reached a height of six feet two inches with cold black hair and dark eyes. His father’s death had forced Jim to grow up faster than most young men. By the age of 17 he had prepared himself for higher academic studies. 

   James was admitted to South Carolina College (USC) in the Fall of 1824. During his time in Columbia he developed a passion for states rights. Bonham excelled academically at South Carolina College. In his sophomore year, Bonham served in a cadet company that honored the Marquis de Lafayette when the French hero visited Columbia. Bonham also belonged to a distinguished literary society at Carolina. Jim was heavily influenced by university president Dr. Thomas Cooper. Cooper was known for his brilliance and inventiveness, but many Columbia residents blasted his Agnostic views and liberal thinking. Carolina students wholeheartedly admired Dr. Cooper. They universally adopted his views on nullification and secession. In 1827, future Governor William Henry Gist led a protest regarding living conditions and the quality of food served at the college. Bonham was a participant in the protest. This act of defiance, though filled with passion, infuriated school officials. The entire senior class was expelled from school, including James Bonham. 

   James Bonham felt a strong calling to practice law. In 1830 he was admitted to the South Carolina bar. Bonham relocated to the Upcountry town of Pendleton, looking for a new start. During one of his first cases, Jim Bonham caned an attorney who insulted his female client. When asked to aplogize by the presiding judge, Bonham threatened to “tweak his nose”. His act of defiance defending the honor of his client earned him three months in jail. To no one’s surprise, Bonham was a strong supporter of state’s rights. At this time revered South Carolina senator John C. Calhoun was serving as Vice President under Andrew Jackson. While Calhoun was in Washington, he kept a close eye on the politics involving his home state. Calhoun was the poster child for state’s rights and nullification. At the height of the Nullification Crisis Jim Bonham was selected as an aide to Governor James Hamilton. Bonham and Hamilton opposed the policies of President Andrew Jackson and the Federal Government. Hamilton gave Bonham the rank of lieutenant colonel and sent him to Charleston to lead an artillery battery. South Carolina prepared for a military struggle with the United States. President Jackson made it clear that he would take action against his native state if need be. Fortunately Henry Clay of Kentucky struck a deal in Congress to gradually lift the tariff, therefore no blood was shed. Now that the crisis was averted, Bonham left Charleston and headed back to Pendleton.

    Once he returned to Pendleton, Bonham resumed his law practice. Eighteen months later Jim left South Carolina for Montgomery, Alabama. The only letter known to be written by Bonham was penned to his mother in October of 1834. Jim’s affectionate nature and love for his family were evident throughout the text. Bonham practiced law in Montgomery for about a year. Sometime in the early Fall of 1835 James Bonham received a letter from his boyhood friend William Travis. Travis said, “These are stirring times in Texas; come take a part in it.” On October 17th he led a support rally at Mobile’s Shakespeare Theater promoting Texas independence. Within two weeks Bonham organized a volunteer militia called the Mobile Greys. Within a month he was in Texas, readying himself to join the cause. He developed a stirring correspondence with General Sam Houston that left the Texas legend impressed. Bonham declined any payment or property for his service to the Republic of Texas. Houston and Bonham formed an immediate bond in a time of turmoil. Sam Houston lobbied for James Bonham to be promoted to the rank of major, a sign of his appreciation for the young man’s patriotism. Bonham was sent with Jim Bowie to help re-fortify the Alamo, a former Spanish mission in San Antonio de Bexar. It was here that a young man from Red Bank, South Carolina would meet his maker, becoming a legend in the process.

   Jim Bonham entered the Alamo with Jim Bowie on January 19, 1836. Once inside the fort, Bonham was selected to a committee to draft a preamble on behalf of the garrison in support of Gov. Smith. As word spread that Santa Anna’s large force was headed towards San Antonio, William Travis sent Jim Bonham to seek reinforcements. On February 16th Bonham left the Alamo for Goliad, hoping to solidify the valiant garrison of 150 men. Upon arrival at Goliad, Bonham pleaded for help from James Fannin. The plea fell on deaf ears, though Fannin decided to give assistance a week later. His reinforcement efforts were too late. Bonham then visited Gonzalez, where 32 men made the pledge to give their lives for Texas. Bonham arrived in Bexar on March 3rd. Every recruit had safely arrived in the fort when Bonham rode into the history books. Amid massive shot and shell, James Bonham rode his cream colored horse untouched through Mexican lines to die with his boyhood friend. After 13 days of holding out against impossible odds, less than 200 Texians took on Santa Anna’s Army of 4,000 on March 6th. The brave insurgents repelled two attacks, but the self-proclaimed “Napoleon of the West” hurled more men at the Alamo. The Mexicans quickly scaled the walls, ending the lives of every defender. Bonham died manning one of the cannons in the interior chapel. The cruel Mexican dictator burned the bodies in a funeral pyre.” Remember the Alamo” became the rallying cry of a republic. Six weeks later Sam Houston’s troops defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto. Houston spared the dictator’s life, gaining Texas in the process.

   Only God knows what Jim Bonham’s life could’ve held, had he not perished in the Alamo. He accomplished so much in his short life, yet it’s easy to wonder what could have been. I like to think he would have made a fine governor, leading the way for our state like his brother did years later. Regardless of what path he might have chosen, it’s clear he would have followed it with passion and plea. When we visited Bonham’s boyhood home last month, I stood stoicly in his room while the faint sunlight passed through the old window panes. I wondered if he could have fathomed the impact he would later have on so many American lives. We also passed the shores of Red Bank Creek, where two boys that paid the ultimate price once played amongst old Cherokee footprints. James Bonham’s story of courage and valor lives on through the tales told about his life. Some of the details told about him have nearly approached Paul Bunyan status. After all, everyone loves to believe in their heroes. James Bonham just happens to be one of mine. 

 To view a photo gallery of our trip to Bonham House, home of James Bonham, please click here.

INDIGO BLUE NOTES: Bonham House (Flat Grove), birthplace of James Butler Bonham, remains the only birthplace still standing of any Alamo defender. You can visit the Bonham home by appointment only. For more information on Bonham House (Flat Grove) please contact the Saluda County Historical Society at (864)445-8550, or visit their website at www.saludacountyhistoricalsociety.org

   William Barret Travis  1809-1836

    Throughout history, odds have helped determine likely outcomes in countless situations. Some appear to be obvious, while others seem nearly unfathomable. There were less than 200 brave men making a last desperate stand at the Alamo. What would the odds be that two boys from Edgefield District (Saluda County) would make history together in the heart of Texas? For the first time in eighteen years William Travis and James Bonham met face to face. The lives of two boys from Red Bank, (Saluda) South Carolina had come full circle. The life of William Travis had it’s share of ups and downs, but his final days were a shining example of courage and patriotism for the ages. Facing impossible odds, William Travis used his God-given determination to fight a struggle that could not be won.

   William Barret Travis was born on August 9, 1809 in Red Bank, (Saluda) South Carolina to Mark and Jemima Travis. Will was the eldest of eleven children. Thanks to his status as the oldest child, Travis learned valuable leadership skills at an early age. William and his siblings led a very happy childhood in Red Bank. Travis’ youth revolved around this small community located near present day Saluda. He and his family were faithful members of the Red Bank Baptist Church. William worked diligently on his chores at the family farm. He was home schooled and therefore received a far better education than most of the area kids. Most area kids went to old field schools that lacked academic structure. This was an advantage the Travis’ had by accumulating moderate wealth. For recreation, Will enjoyed playing in the woods with the other local boys along the shores of Red Bank Creek. To this day, the area around his birthplace is very rural. One of his childhood friends was a boy named James Bonham. James was two years older than William, though Travis was mature well beyond his years. The Travis’ and Bonhams’ attended Red Bank Baptist Church together. Jim Bonham was sad to hear his friend William was leaving Red Bank. There was no way to predict the fate that awaited them down the road in the Alamo. Some friendships never die.

   The Travis Family left South Carolina in 1818 for Conecuh County, Alabama. The independent William Travis was just nine years old. After their arrival in Alabama, the Travis’  helped form the towns of Sparta and Evergreen. Will first attended school at the local Sparta Academy. After graduation, his uncle Alexander Travis enrolled William in a school in Claiborne. There the brilliant Travis soon became an assistant teacher to some of the younger students. William Travis enjoyed teaching, but always dreamed of practicing law. James Dellet, a former secretary in the Alabama House of Representatives, was Claiborne’s most accomplished attorney. He provided Travis with an apprenticeship at his law office. Dellet, like Travis, spent a fair portion of his life in South Carolina. James Dellet moved to Columbia from Camden, New Jersey when he was twelve. Dellet graduated from South Carolina College (USC) in 1810. He often referred to South Carolina as his “mother state”. 

    Under James Dellet’s guidance, William Travis’ aspirations for practicing law were now realized. Travis became a partner in Dellet’s firm. During this time William fell in love with one of his former students, sixteen year old Rosanna Cato. The feeling between the two was mutual. Rosanna was attracted to Travis’ strawberry blond hair and piercing blue eyes. He had accomplished much more than most men his age. After a short courtship, Travis and Cato were married on October 26, 1828. Approximately nine months later their first child Charles Edward was born. Travis started the Claiborne Herald newspaper as he approached his 20th Birthday. William’s life appeared to be content at this time, but inside a storm was brewing. Despite his many successes outside of family life, his marriage was nothing short of a train wreck. About a year later he left his pregnant wife and son and headed to Texas. Travis had suspected Rosanna of infidelity, questioning the paternity of his daughter Susan.

         Travis began his new life in 1831, illegally settling in the town of Anahuac, Texas. Mexican law had curtailed immigration in 1830 for fear of Texas’ annexation to the United States. Travis, for all intents and purposes, was an illegal immigrant. Anahuac was an important town in the early 1830’s, for it served as a port city on Galveston Bay. Travis set up a law practice there in a town with very sporadic legal counsel. While in Anahuac he became fluent in Spanish, the official language of the locals. He constantly studied Mexican Law while readying himself to defy it. Juan Davis Bradburn commanded the garrison at Anahuac. Bradburn, formerly named John Bradburn, was a former American Citizen that spent years fighting with the Mexican Army. Juan Bradburn was suspicious of all Anglo settlers in the area. He developed a strong dislike for the Texians, who in turn loathed his dictatorial style. He arrested William Travis and his law partner Patrick Jack after Bradburn received a fake letter involving the return of two slaves he had given protection. According to Mexican law, Bradburn needed no warrant to arrest Travis and Jack. American settlers were not used to this lack of justice and began to protest. Angry Texians marched on Anahuac, later chasing Bradburn from town. Bradburn escaped, but several of his officers were tarred and feathered. This incident started the Anahuac Disturbances of 1832. This incident eventually led to the Texas Revolution years later.

    During the Fall of 1835 William and Rosanna finally divorced. Rosanna received custody of Susan and William received custody of Charles. Travis sent his only son to stay with his close friend David Ayres. The Texas Revolution officially began at the Battle of Gonzalez in October 1835. Travis arrived too late to participate in the battle. William Travis played a small part in the Siege of Bexar (San Antonio) the next month. Here Texians soundly defeated the Mexican Army led by Martin Perfecto de Cos. This would be one of the few great moments of the Revolution for Texians until Santa Anna’s surrender at San Jacinto. In December, Travis was commissioned a lieutenant of the Texas army. He also received an appointment as the chief recruiting officer in Texas. Acting governor Henry Smith asked Travis to lead a unit to reinforce the Alamo. William was unable to recruit a substantial group of men to fight. This highly embarrassed and humiliated the young officer. Travis arrived in San Antonio de Bexar in early February.

   It could be argued that Will Travis had more to gain in terms of respect and honor than most men in the Alamo. His reputation suffered among  fellow comrades at the old mission. Travis always looked the part of a great soldier with his impeccable choice of uniforms. His attention to detail regarding outward appearance was astounding. He was more polished and educated than any man there. Though it sounds cliche, he always looked the part. Travis’ reputation for gambling, infidelity and desertion of family unfortunately followed him like a plague. Most of the men fighting for Texas Independence embodied the tough frontier spirit of Davy Crockett. Travis was a “dandy” to most of them. Captain James C. Neill was the original commander of the Alamo garrison. In mid-February 1836 he took a furlough to be with his sick family. He left William Travis in charge of the regular troops and Jim Bowie in charge of the volunteers. When Neill left the Alamo, Bowie refused to answer to Travis. The two men decided to have a vote on who would command the fort. Jim Bowie was chosen by a large margin. Travis continued to pay for the bad choices he had made in his life. After this incident, the South Carolina native became determined to find himself once more. His letter titled “To the People of Texas and All Americans in the World” inspired Texians to rise up and defy Mexico. Approximately one week before the climax of the battle, Bowie became bedridden with a serious illness. Travis was now in sole command. Here, in the final weeks of his life, William Travis suddenly became an honorable man. The great moral code and solid character he possessed as a young man had returned just in time for him to make history.

    By March 3rd the brave patriots of the Alamo had held off Santa Anna’s large army for approximately ten days. Travis’ childhood friend Jim Bonham valliantly returned through enemy lines with a letter from Robert Williamson. The letter stated that help was on the way, but Travis started to face the stark reality that death or surrender were his two options. He wanted his children to remember their father as someone who acted selflessly through great peril, something he failed to shown them previously. On March 4th or 5th, William Travis made his famous “line in the sand” speech. He made an honest and forthright plea to the defenders of the Alamo. Travis let them know that they could die for Texas, or leave the fort of their own will. He drew his shining sword from his side and made a clean sweep across the cold Texas sand. The decision of over 180 men to stay and fight was a testament to the leadership and nobility of William Travis. Only one man decided to leave the fort. The gravely ill Jim Bowie demanded to stay and die with his comrades. Bowie had Crockett and other soldiers carry his cot across the line. Travis’ ability to persuade people was always there. He now found a way to convince people without using a hidden agenda. When Travis first took command of the fort his men only wanted to fight for Jim Bowie. By the morning of March 6th, every man in the Alamo was willing to lay down their life under the leadership of  William Travis.

     On a chilly Sunday morning Santa Anna gave the order to abruptly end the siege. The Mexican dictator was ready to sacrifice his men at any cost. Provisions and ammunition were running low amongst the insurgents. Just before dawn the Mexican Army made a final advancement on the old mission. The Texians were exhausted, but they were ready to die with honor. Santa Anna’s goal was to overwhelm the brave occupants of the mission. The Texians fought with a valor and spirit that warranted independence. The Mexicans came charging towards the mission, but twice they were pushed back. This angered and frustrated the Mexican dictator. He ordered a third and final charge, which proved to be fatal for the Americans. One of the first defenders killed was William Barret Travis. He received a single bullet to the head that killed him almost instantly. The Mexican Army scaled the walls of the Alamo, pouring in like a swarm of bees. The battle soon became a rout. A few Texians attempted to surrender, but the Mexicans gave no quarter. Two of the last soldiers to die were Davey Crockett and Jim Bonham. Every last defender in the Alamo perished that morning. After the battle, Santa Anna surveyed the fort’s damage. He allowed all the women, children and slaves to go free. This victory would prove costly for the Mexican dictator. Travis’ poignant letter inspired many to join the cause. Seven weeks later at San Jacinto, Sam Houston’s Texian forces crushed Santa Anna’s Army in a paltry eighteen minutes. Houston spared the dictator’s life in exchange for Texas. Nine years later Texas was admitted as our 28th state.

    Thanks to the bravery and eloquent words spoken by William Barret Travis, Texas achieved its independence. Though he moved from his home in South Carolina at age nine, Sandlappers everywhere proudly claim Travis as their native son. His native (present day) Saluda County has honored him and his lifelong comrade James Bonham with a memorial on the town square. The flags of South Carolina and Texas gently wave in the wind in remembrance of their brave deeds. Saluda County and the State of Texas have erected a handsome memorial to Travis across the road from his boyhood home. He gave his life for a cause he deeply believed in. The patriotism of William Travis rings true 174 years after his passing. His famous letter boldly stated VICTORY OR DEATH. In death, William Travis achieved victory. I am proud to say this Hero of the Alamo is a Notable South Carolinian.

     The year was 1950. African Africans had spent centuries trying to find their place in a land where most had been forced to live. Many South Carolinians of color still felt the strains of slavery, though it had been 85 years since the institution’s abolishment. Most blacks in the Deep South had very few civil rights at this time. Segregation kept African Americans from using the same facilities as whites. Jackie Robinson had just broken the color barrier in Major League Baseball, but many struggles were waiting in the wings. Deep in the heart of Florence County, a child was born whose many goals would include reaching the moon. His life was cut short by tragedy, but his achievements are still remembered nearly a quarter of a century after his death. His name was Ronald McNair.

     Ronald Ervin McNair was born on October 21, 1950 to Carl and Pearl McNair in Lake City, South Carolina. The McNairs led a working class life in a home filled with love. Carl McNair was an auto body repairman and Pearl taught at a local high school. The young McNair learned to read and write by the time he was three years old. It became evident at an early age that Ronald was destined for something special. McNair was always ahead of his classmates in school. Ron was rarely challenged in school until he reached college. The example he set made other classmates strive to do their very best.  Hard work at home helped keep the gifted McNair humble. Ronald picked cotton and harvested tobacco to help his family through tough financial times. His dad taught him the trade of auto body work so Ronald would have something to fall back on. McNair’s dreams reached far and wide. Many children of the time rarely, if ever, left the Pee Dee for vacation in McNair’s youth. Ronald wasn’t about to settle for a trip to the mountains or the beach. McNair’s expansive mind dreamed of reaching the edges of our solar system.

    As a young man, Ronald became fascinated with science and space exploration. Sputnik was launched when he was in elementary school. The so called “space race” between the Soviets and Americans captivated many people across the globe. To say Ronald McNair was fascinated would be an understatement. By high school the Florence County native had many interests. Along with his many academic achievements, he excelled in athletics. McNair excelled in football, boxing, running and karate. He later became a fifth-degree black belt in this traditional martial art, winning several competitions in the process. To complete his myriad talents he also became an accomplished musician. Ronald graduated from segregated Carver High School in 1967 at the age of 16. To no one’s surprise, he was named the school’s valedictorian. McNair received a full scholarship from North Carolina A&T University. After a successful four year college career he graduated magna cum laude in 1971 with a degree in physics. Ronald soon embarked on a journey that seemed impossible for a young black man who grew up in the segregated South. He received a scholarship to the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology. M.I.T was the first time the confident young man from Lake City felt intimidation.

    McNair refused to give in to the rigors of M.I.T. It would simply be out of his character to give in to such a daunting task. Ronald excelled at the prestigious Boston school. He had hoped to receive his doctorate ten years after graduating from high school. During his time at M.I.T. Ronald worked with some of the top names in physics. His work involving chemical and high-pressure lasers impressed the top brass at the school. McNair worked tirelessly on completion of his doctoral thesis. He tragically lost two years of work as he neared the finish line. Most of the general population would have backed down in a situation like this. Three months later McNair had somehow come up with a thesis even better than the first. His thesis was featured in several publications across the nation. The man that had all the odds stacked against him received his doctorate from M.I.T. in 1976. He was only 25 years of age. After graduation, Ronald McNair accepted a position at Hughes Research Laboratories in upscale Malibu, California.

     The next year brought a new challenge to the man who accomplished more in a quarter century than most do in three lifetimes. He was invited by NASA to apply for the national space program. Ten thousand people applied for this unbelievable opportunity. In the end, thirty five people were selected. Among the names called was Ronald Ervin McNair. Mere months before he began his year long training with NASA, he and his wife Cheryl were involved in a fairly serious car accident. He recovered on schedule and took his position with NASA. Dr. McNair made his first space flight in 1984 in a shuttle that later made history, Challenger. He became only the second African American to travel in outer space. The mission orbited earth more than 120 times. The rest of the crew enjoyed the humor and good spirit that carried Ronald McNair in his life. Known as a devout Christian, he credited the Lord for the opportunities he received each and every day. Though he had been an integral part of NASA for several years, McNair contemplated a new challenge. He wanted to be closer to home and teach at the University of South Carolina. In the end Ronald decided to make one more voyage aboard the Challenger. It would be a mission forever remembered by South Carolinians and the world.

      Space travel had become fairly common throughout the decade of the 1980’s. NASA’s next mission would gain notoriety around the world for its first flight involving a civilian. Americans from coast to coast were glued to their televisions on the morning of January 28, 1986 to watch this historic event. Students nationwide were gathered in classrooms excited about seeing the Challenger launch. Most Americans were interested in the media frenzy that followed Christa McAuliffe. McAuliffe was a well respected teacher from Concord, NH. I personally remember my excitement and emotional state in Ms. Lanford’s first grade class at Summit Drive Elementary in Greenville. I was excited about seeing the first teacher in space, but I was also very proud of our native South Carolinian Ronald McNair. It was a clear and unseasonably cold morning in Central Florida. I’ll never forget the beauty and grace the Challenger displayed at liftoff. Our entire classroom clapped in anticipation of a wildly successful mission. Seventy three seconds later those innocent smiles turned to tears. The Challenger exploded violently, causing viewers everywhere to view an American tragedy on live television. All seven passengers aboard the shuttle perished when the crew cabin crashed into the Atlantic Ocean.

    Ronald McNair’s short life ended reaching for the stars. He touched so many lives in the 35 years he lived, including my own. His determination and work ethic brought him praise from his peers, but his humility and deep faith brought him peace from within. Next year marks the 25th Anniversary of the Challenger tragedy. People have not forgotten the man from the Pee Dee whose smile was engaging and whose heart was tender. Memorials and schools have been named for Dr. McNair through the years. Ron also achieved the Order of the Palmetto, the state’s highest honor. McNair even has a crater on the moon named in his honor. McNair eternally rests in the town where it all started, Lake City. The town has a handsome monument to Dr. McNair detailing the many varied interests in his life. Ronald McNair Boulevard in Lake City is named for the town’s most celebrated citizen. McNair is survived by his wife Cheryl, and his two children Reginald and Joy.

     In reflection of his own successes McNair stated, “Whether or not you reach your goals in life depends entirely on how well you prepare for them and how badly you want them. You’re eagles! Stretch your wings and fly to the sky.” The life of Ronald McNair was first class in every sense of the word. In my opinion, Ron McNair is an easy choice as a Notable South Carolinian.

INDIGO BLUE NOTES: As most of you know, February is Black History Month. South Carolina, like most Deep South states, has had many people of color influence the history and landscape of our proud state. For many years blacks were treated as second class citizens in South Carolina. Ronald McNair was one of the many African Americans who have risen above the scars that history had left for them. Let us remember that although this month is designated for observance, the sacrifice that so many have made in the pursuit of liberty and justice should be noted year round.

     Mary Boykin Miller was born on March 31, 1823 to Mary Boykin and Stephen Decatur Miller on her grandparents plantation near Stateburg, South Carolina. The Miller Family was prosperous and highly educated. Stephen Miller served in the House of Representatives before his election as Governor of South Carolina in 1828. Mary Miller was blessed with the tools to succeed at an early age. As an adolescent she displayed her cunning intellect and independent spirit. She was sent to a French Huguenot school in Charleston called Madame Talvande’s French School for Young Ladies. Here the young Miller received an education that was unparalleled. Mary became fluent in German and French while discovering her talent for writing. She also developed a love for music and the arts. At the age of 13 she was introduced to James Chesnut, Jr. at her exclusive Charleston school. Chesnut, a native of Camden, was educated at the College of New Jersey. James hailed from one of the wealthiest families in Kershaw County. His father, James Sr., owned several local plantations. Despite being eight years her senior, Chesnut was smitten with Mary Boykin Miller.

    Mary Miller and James Chesnut became immediate friends. Soon a romance began to blossom. In the 1830’s women married much younger than they do today. Still, their age gap was one that caused concerns for the Miller family. They thought Mary was too young to be pursued by Chesnut. Despite objection from her family, Mary and James both knew they were a good match. Mary was outspoken and passionate, while she described James as “cool and reserved” in his temperament. Both Mary and James were highly respected people. Despite their high social standing they both treated people with the utmost respect. Shortly after the pair began to court, James Chesnut was admitted to the South Carolina bar. Two years later the couple decided to tie the knot. In the spring of 1840 Mary Miller and James Chesnut were married. Mary Chesnut was only seventeen, yet she had matured well beyond her years.

   The Chesnuts started their new life together at Mulberry Plantation, three miles south of Camden. Life was good for the Chesnuts in the waning years of the Antebellum South. James was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives in the same year of their marriage. He served in this capacity for twelve years. For Mary Chesnut, life on the plantation was fairly dull and complacent. She bided her time by listening to the latest society gossip, singing and playing her guitar. She had become an accomplished musician while attending school in Charleston. One of the most pleasurable things Mary Chesnut did during these years was teaching slave children to read and write. This was something she also did as a young child. She gladly repeated this courageous offense as an adult. The punishment  for teaching slaves to read and write in Antebellum South Carolina was severe.

     In 1858 James Chesnut was elected to the United States Senate on the Democratic ticket. Though he wanted slavery to remain in place, he did not seek a dissolved Union. When Abraham Lincoln was elected President many Southerners became enraged. Lincoln’s promise of slavery’s abolishment threatened their way of life. Chesnut became the first Southern senator to resign his post. Mary began her famous diary in November of 1860 with her reaction to Lincoln’s election. Chesnut was certainly no fan of the revered son of Springfield, yet she respected his honesty and courage in the face of a crumbling nation. South Carolina became the first state to secede on December 20th. Many people were overjoyed with this decision, not knowing what tumult lied ahead. Ten more Southern states followed our lead, forming the Confederate States of America. 

    Mary Chesnut first believed the conflict would be resolved without bloodshed. In early Spring 1861, James was selected as an aid to General P.G.T. Beauregard. Fort Sumter was the lone fort in South Carolina held by the Federal Army. Beauregard asked Major Robert Anderson to give up Sumter without a fight. Anderson politely refused. The Confederates began the bombardment of Fort Sumter. The Civil War had begun. The ironic twist was that Beauregard studied under Robert Anderson at West Point. Mary was there in Charleston with James when the battle began. She watched from a high rooftop as cannons lit up the night sky. After bombarding Fort Sumter for an extended period of time, James Chesnut took a boat to Sumter to accept Anderson’s terms for surrender. Robert Anderson thanked Chesnut for his gracious terms and said he hoped the two would one day meet again as brothers in heaven.

   South Carolina was filled with optimism early in the conflict. There was spotty hand to hand combat with both sides boasting of a quick and virtually painless war. Mary was one of these great optimists. She was in Richmond with her husband when he fought at the Battle of Bull Run. Mrs. Chesnut spoke of the great feelings of Southern Patriotism running through the Confederate capital. A few days later Mary witnessed her first army hospital. After viewing multiple amputations and deaths, her romanticized view of the war came to a screeching halt. Chesnut also viewed the Confederate leadership as lacking, noting she could have done better if given the chance. Unfortunately, as a 19th Century woman she was given no such opportunity. The war raged on much longer than anyone foresaw. Despite many victories the South was slowly running out of steam. The Union Army had more than three times the man power of the Confederate Army. The South fought valiantly but the Federals boasted every economic advantage and held most of the intangibles. In May of 1863, Confederate Titan Stonewall Jackson died shortly after being shot by his own men. Two months later the Confederacy was dealt another huge blow at Gettysburg. Mary Chesnut’s life, along with many prosperous Southerners, would change forever.

     By 1864 the Confederate Army was a sad sight. Chesnut noted the poor living conditions the soldiers faced each day. Many of these men had very few clothes or shoes to wear. Ammunition was low, or simply non-existent in some cases. Disease and malnourishment became commonplace. Major Confederate cities were taken. In the Fall of 1864 General William Tecumseh Sherman began his famous March to the Sea. After Sherman made Georgia “howl”, he plowed his way through the heart of South Carolina. He was met with little resistance. The only place Sherman’s torrid pace was slowed was at Rivers Bridge in southern Bamberg County. Chesnut spoke of the fear Sherman and his troops struck in their hearts. By this time Confederate money was worth next to nothing. Mrs. Chesnut was forced to sell her old clothes to buy food for survival. At the war’s conclusion the South was left in considerable ruins. The Chesnuts went from great prosperity to desolation in the span of five years. After the war the resourceful Mary Chesnut ran a business selling milk and eggs. She partnered with one of her former slaves to make a decent living during this time. James Chesnut paid his former slaves what little he could to help restore Mulberry Plantation. The home had been looted by Union forces during the war.    

    In 1873 James and Mary Chesnut built a simpler home in Camden they called Sarsfield. Mulberry Plantation was to go only to James, Sr.’s male heirs. James Jr. feared Mary would have nowhere to live if he died before her. Mary Boykin Chesnut published only one story from her diary in her lifetime. This story, titled “The Arrest of a Spy”, appeared in the Charleston Weekly News and Courier. By 1880 Mary began to have problems with her lungs and heart. During this time she was forced to stop editing her diary. She also watched her mother and James fall into bad health in the early part of the decade. Mary Boykin Miller and James Chesnut both passed away in the Winter of 1885. Having no children of her own, Mary Chesnut found life to be extremely difficult without her husband’s companionship. She lived the last twenty months of her life at Sarsfield. Her annual income was a paltry sum of 100 dollars. She sold eggs and butter just to get by. Chesnut had seen most every social situation in her life. She had also endured through the toughest of times, surely being a testament to a strong willed woman of the highest character. Mary Chesnut died of a heart attack on November 22, 1886.

     The first edition of her diary came to print in 1905 as A Diary from Dixie. Mary had encouraged her best friend Isabella to have it published after her death. In 1981 Southern Historian C. Vann Woodward finished an annotated edition of her diary that he titled Mary Chesnut’s Civil War. His impressive reworking of the diary won him a Pulitzer Prize for History in 1982. The most widespread critical acclaim for the diary came in 1990 with Ken Burns’ The Civil War. This award winning documentary features many selections from Chesnut’s diary. The Civil War is widely considered Ken Burns’ “magnum opus”. The illustrious cast of narrators includes Morgan Freeman, Garrison Keillor and Jason Robards. American stage and screen legend Julie Harris lends her voice as Mary Chesnut.

    Mary Boykin Chesnut’s voice and opinion, like many women of the 19th Century, has grown louder and gained widespread influence since her death. Most people today associate her with her famous dairy. Mary Chesnut was much more than a stream of manuscript written on old paper. She questioned Old South principles and the lack of civil rights for women when others were silent. Her passion for womens suffrage is evident in her diary. Chesnut also pointed out the social evils of the institution of slavery. She was graceful in prosperous times and tough as nails in times of desperation. Mary Boykin Chesnut, through her undying contributions to this state and honest perspective in our darkest days, is a South Carolinian worth noting.

INDIGO BLUE NOTES: Mulberry Plantation, home of James and Mary Chesnut, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Mulberry was most recently listed as a National Historic Landmark in 2000 for Mary Boykin Chesnut’s literary contributions during the Civil War. The house is located three miles south of Historic Camden.

Mulberry Plantation      559 Sumter Highway (Highway 521)       Camden, South Carolina 29020

Indigo Blue would like to wish everyone a very Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! We are so excited about 2010! We already have a few stories lined up to go in January from exciting spots in York and Lancaster Counties.  Thank you to all the people that have given their encouragement and support. Stay tuned!  -Stephen Farnsworth

                                                         Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, “Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.” There are certain people that have the utmost determination to make a difference in other people’s lives. Some of these trailblazers are born with the resources to thrive and some are born into humble circumstances. This story is about a woman who was born in a small log cabin in Sumter County and died a frequent visitor to the White House in Washington. The life of Mary McLeod Bethune was one lived with strength, determination and goodwill towards all people, no matter what their race or social standing was in life.

    Mary Jane McLeod was born on July 10, 1875 to Samuel and Patsy McLeod in Mayesville, South Carolina. Both of Mary’s parents were ex-slaves who worked a rice and cotton farm in eastern Sumter County. Mary was the 15th of 17 children. Many of her brothers and sisters had also felt the cold shackles of slavery. Mary McLeod saw the sacrifice her parents made each day and promised herself that persons of color would one day have a voice. As a young child McLeod encountered many of the same roadblocks that plagued African Americans in the 19th Century. At this time the vast majority of black people were illiterate, mostly due to the lack of opportunity. Mary was interested in books but was told by white children that African Americans could not read. She used this example as a platform for change.

    In 1886 the Presbyterian Mission Board set up a school for African American children in Sumter. Mary made the four mile trek to school each day without complaint. She excelled in school, displaying her natural born leadership skills. In her early teens Mary was selected to attend Scotia Seminary in North Carolina on a scholarship. She excelled at Scotia and went on to win another scholarship to the present day Moody Bible Institute in Chicago. During her time at the institute she worked toward becoming a missionary to Africa. She was told that blacks were not needed for this endeavor so she turned to the field of education.

    At the age of 21 Mary was hired to teach at Haines Normal and Industrial School in Augusta, Georgia. There she learned rigid discipline and structure from Lucy Craft Laney. Laney founded the school and ran it with meticulous precision.  Ms. McLeod was at  Haines for just one year but learned many valuable lessons from Laney. Mary was transferred back to Sumter County in 1897 to teach at Kindell Institute. Here she met and fell in love with Albertus Bethune. After a short courtship Mary and Albertus were married and Bethune gave birth to son Albert the next year. Soon after the birth of her son Mrs. Bethune was persuaded by a visiting minister from Palatka, Florida to manage a mission school he had started. For five years Mary did a brilliant job teaching young people at the school. She was a frequent visitor to the local jail, teaching imprisoned people to read and handed out hope to those who needed her most. Mary enjoyed her time here but felt it was time to start her own school.

    When the time came to pick a location for the new school Bethune picked the popular tourist destination of Daytona, Florida. In the fall of 1904 Mary opened the Daytona Educational and Industrial Training School. She wanted to make young women self sufficient and responsible in society. Mary and Albertus had a  rocky marriage and eventually parted ways. They never divorced but remained on good terms until Albert passed away in 1918. Even through hard times in her private life Mary stuck to the task of creating a successful school. Money was scarce but her will was strong. In three short years enrollment grew from five to four hundred students! Humble beginnings and hard work were greeted by a new sprawling campus with thirty two acres and a farm. In just two decades the school had flourished. Cookman College of Jacksonville merged with her school to create the co-educational Bethune-Cookman College.

    Bethune’s leadership skills made her a natural for positions in the political realm. She became president of the Florida chapter of the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) in 1917. During this time she was harassed by the Ku Klux Klan. They threatened her repeatedly to no avail. When women were granted the 19th Amendment Mary made sure African Americans hit the voting polls. She had endured many hardships and overcome many obstacles. The Klan was little match for her spirit and strong will. By 1924 she had become the National President of the NACW and became a noted public speaker.

    Mary McLeod Bethune’s leadership was finally being noted on a national level. President Calvin Coolidge invited her to the National Child Welfare Conference of 1928. Coolidge was inspired by her passionate stance on educating America’s youth. Two years later Herbert Hoover tabbed her as a member on the White House Child Health Conference. Bethune was also heavily involved with the National Youth Administration. This program helped young adults find employment in the Depression ravaged 1930’s. Some of Bethune’s greatest achievements came during the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Bethune and Eleanor Roosevelt had become very close friends by the time her husband started his twelve year run as president. Mary encouraged black people to support Roosevelt in the elections. Eleanor and Franklin wanted to see the wall of segregation knocked down forever. Mary McLeod Bethune, as she had done many times before, stood up for ideals she knew were meant for all Americans.

    Bethune formed a group of African American leaders called the Federal Council of Negro Affairs. This became more commonly known as Roosevelt’s “Black Cabinet”. Mary became a regular in the White House and used her influence to continue fighting for civil rights for all people.  By the time Roosevelt left office Mary McLeod Bethune was arguably the most famous African American woman in the United States. In 1948 she was the lone woman of color at the founding of the United Nations. In her last years she collected many honors including the Medal of Honor and Merit from Haiti in 1949 and the Star of Africa from Liberia in 1952. Mary McLeod Bethune suffered a fatal heart attack, passing on May 18, 1955. Ironically this was just months before Rosa Parks made history with the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Bethune had paved the way for change, giving many civil rights leaders a vision and a voice.

    Many of these changes might not have been possible if not for the selfless sacrifice and determination of one Mary Jane McLeod Bethune. Bethune said of her life, “Faith is the first factor in a life devoted to service. Without it, nothing is possible. With it, nothing is impossible.” That sums up the empowered life of one of South Carolina’s greatest native daughters. Through her faith, hope and determination the impossible became possible.

John Rutledge 1739-1800

     Through the centuries South Carolina has produced many names that roll off the tongue with ease. Names like Marion, Calhoun, Jackson, Sumter and Thurmond are known by virtually every South Carolinian. Then there are names like Rutledge, which some people recognize as a signer of the Declaration of Independence. That would of course be Edward Rutledge, the youngest to sign our nation’s sacred document. We will talk about Edward at some point here at Indigo Blue, but this story is about his eldest brother John.

      John Rutledge was born on September 17, 1739 in Charles Towne, SC to John and Sarah Rutledge. He was the eldest of seven children and was educated by his father as a young child. Mr. Rutledge died when John was 11 years old, and the rest of his education was provided by a local priest. John was an extremely bright young man who dreamed of practicing law. He would conduct mock cases with his brothers and sisters as a teenager. Rutledge studied law under James Parsons for two years. When John was 19 years old he decided to move to London to study at Middle Temple. There John showed his astute brilliance and knowledge of the law. He won cases in English courts and was poised to come home to Charles Towne at the conclusion of his studies. When he returned home he began an immediately successful law practice, unlike most of his contemporaries. At the age of 23 John married Elizabeth Grimke. He loved and admired his wife throughout their marriage. John and Elizabeth had 10 children together, eight that lived to adulthood.

     In 1765 John Rutledge was appointed to the Stamp Act Congress. Rutledge petitioned the English House of Lords to reject this measure because the Colonists thought it to be unfair. The delegates were unsuccessful and South Carolina was in an uproar. War with England was now a distinct possibility. After the Stamp Act John returned to his successful law practice and made a good living for his family. By 1774 the dark clouds of war loomed over South Carolina. Rutledge took part in the First and Second Continental Congress. By 1776 John Rutledge was the most influential man in South Carolina. Under the new government Rutledge was elected President of South Carolina. The title governor reminded the colonists of British authority so he was given the title of president instead. He was determined to lead our colony to the best of his ability while preparing for assaults by the British.

      In June of 1776, Rutledge learned that a rather large British naval force was heading for Charles Towne. He ordered the building of what is now Fort Moultrie. The construction of the fort was not complete when the British neared Charles Towne Harbor. General Charles Lee asked Rutledge to evacuate the fort, fearing that every last man would be killed. John refused to write the order, believing we could win the battle. When the British arrived, they pounded the fort time after time with their large cannons. The cannonballs simply sank into the walls of the fort because they were made from the soft, spongy trunk of Palmetto trees. This caused the British to turn back and allowed the Palmetto to become a symbol of hope and courage for all South Carolinians.

     John Rutledge served as President for two years when the state legislature proposed a modified constitution. He believed this was a measure that came dangerously close to anarchy. Rutledge was saddened by this measure and resigned his post. Over the next year the British Army continued to take a stronghold on South Carolina. Rutledge was elected in 1779 under a revised constitution, this time as governor. By 1780 Charles Towne had fallen to the British. Rutledge fled the city but remained governor of unconquered South Carolina. As the war waged on, the Patriot cause was running out of steam. Losses at Fishing Creek and Camden were crushing blows to the Patriots. In October at the Battle of Kings Mountain, the tide turned. Patriot forces crushed the Loyalists in a bloody battle. Three months later Daniel Morgan routed British forces led by the hated Banastre Tarleton at the Cowpens near  present day Chesnee, SC. In December of 1781, Nathanael Greene took back the Holy City and pushed the British out of South Carolina.

     John Rutledge’s term as governor ended in early 1782 as the American Colonies were on the cusp of freedom. He had done everything in his power to be a great leader even through the toughest of times. Rutledge was appointed to the Court of Chancery in 1784 and served in that capacity for seven years. He also represented South Carolina in the Constitutional Convention. In the summer of 1792 Elizabeth Rutledge, loving wife of John, passed away. This moment deeply saddened John Rutledge for the rest of his life. In 1795 John Jay resigned as Chief Justice of the United States. President George Washington appointed the always reliable John Rutledge to take his place. Two weeks after Rutledge took the position he delivered a speech that criticized John Jay’s Treaty with England.

      In December of 1795 the U.S. Senate rejected his appointment and forced him out of office. It was a sad day for Rutledge and many of his old friends including John Adams. His wife’s death and being ousted by the Senate drove John into reclusion. Mental illness had forced this great South Carolinian out of the spotlight. By the turn of the century his mind and health were failing him. In January of 1800 his brother Edward died. Edward was mourned by many and had a funeral attended by Charleston’s elite. Six months later the governor who led us through the great fight for independence passed on. I was watching Mary Long’s Yesteryear on ETV last week when Mrs. Long pointed out that very few people attended the service of one of the greatest South Carolinians, John Rutledge.

     She inspired me to write about Rutledge as our first feature on great Sandlappers from the past. People seem to concentrate on what someone has done for them lately. John Rutledge suffered from mental issues late in life, mostly due to the heartbreak incurred when he lost his soul mate. I think we should remember this Charlestonian for what he did in the remarkable life in which he led. John Rutledge was a humble Patriot who served South Carolina for decades, never asking for anything in return. His selfless service to this state ranks him, in my opinion, as one of the great leaders like Marion, Sumter and Pickens. These three legends were all led by a man named John Rutledge.

Founded: 1670 (1st Permanent European Settlement-Albemarle Point)                     

Date of Statehood: May 23, 1788 (8th State)

Seceded From Union: December 20,1860 (1st to Secede)  

Readmitted to the Union: June 25,1868

Nickname: The Palmetto State

State Capital: Columbia

State Size: 40th in Area (31,113 sq. miles), 24th in Population ( 4,479,800)

 State Motto: Dum Spiro Spero (While I Breathe I Hope) & Animis opibusque parati (Prepared in Mind & Resources)

State Songs: “Carolina” & “Carolina on my Mind”

State Tree: Sabal Palmetto

State Bird: Carolina Wren

State Slogan: Smiling Faces, Beautiful Places

State Flower: Yellow Jessamine

State Dog:  Boykin Spaniel     

State Color: Indigo Blue (our inspiration for our site and a tribute to Eliza Lucas Pinckney)

State Animal: White Tailed Deer

State Reptile: Loggerhead Sea Turtle

State Fish: Striped Bass

State Insect: Carolina Mantid

State Spider: Carolina Wolf Spider

State Butterfly: Eastern Tiger Swallowtail

State Amphibian: Spotted Salamander

State Shell: Lettered Olive

State Fruit: Peach (S.C. is 2nd only to California in annual peach production)

State Beverage: Milk 

State Hospitality Beverage: Tea

State Dance: Shag

State Popular Music: Beach Music

State Snack: Boiled Peanuts

State Craft: Sweetgrass Basket Weaving

STATE POPULATION FIGURES: Total State Population Est. 2008- 4,479,800

By County:

Abbeville- 25,404         

Aiken- 154,071                  

Allendale- 10,447 

Anderson- 182,825

Bamberg- 15,307

Barnwell- 22,872

Beaufort- 150,415

Berkeley-169,327

Calhoun- 15,185

Charleston- 348,046

Cherokee- 54,394

Chester- 32,618

Chesterfield- 42,882

Clarendon- 33,149

Colleton- 39,019

Darlington- 67,031

Dillon- 30,698

Dorchester- 127,133

Edgefield- 25,546

Fairfield- 23,435

Florence- 132,800

Georgetown-60,731

Greenville- 438,119

Greenwood- 68,549

Hampton- 21,075

Horry- 257,380             

Jasper- 22,330

Kershaw- 58,901

Lancaster- 75,913

Laurens- 69,681

Lee- 19,891

Lexington- 248,518                       

McCormick- 10,093

Marion- 33,843

Marlboro- 28,704

Newberry- 37,823

Oconee- 71,274

Orangeburg- 90,336                 

Pickens- 116,915

Richland- 364,001                

Saluda- 18,625

Spartanburg- 280,738

Sumter- 104,148

Union- 27,672             

Williamsburg- 35,090

York- 217,448